deirim

Deirim is an irregular verb. Its verbal noun is rá /rɑ:/. The verbal adjective is ráite /rɑ:tʹi/.

Audio files were read by Eoiní Mhaidhc Ó Súilleabháin, native speaker in the Cork Gaeltacht, August 10th-11th 2010.

Habitual present tense

	affirmative form			negative form
I	deirim audio	dʹerʹimʹ		ní deirim audio	nʹi: dʹerʹimʹ
you s.	deireann tú	dʹerʹən tu:		ní deireann tú	nʹi: dʹerʹən tu:
he	deireann sé	dʹerʹən sʹe:		ní deireann sé	nʹi: dʹerʹən sʹe:
we	deirimíd	dʹerʹimʹi:dʹ		ní deirimíd	nʹi: dʹerʹimʹi:dʹ
you pl.	deireann sibh	dʹerʹən sʹivʹ		ní deireann sibh	nʹi: dʹerʹən sʹivʹ
they	deirid siad	dʹerʹidʹ sʹiəd		ní deirid siad	nʹi: dʹerʹidʹ sʹiəd
one	deirthear	dʹerʹhər		ní deirthear	nʹi: dʹerʹhər

Note: this historically correct forms are adeirim and ní abraim, explaining the lack of lenition; the dependent form is rarely seen and was almost never used by Peadar Ua Laoghaire in the negative. However, he did use má abraim in Aithris ar Chríost, ní abrann in Táin Bó Cuailnge, abraim libh go deimhin and ná habrann tú? in PUL’s Gospels. Also note cad ‘na thaobh go n-abrann tusa san? in PUL’s Guaire and nuair a bhímse ag teacht aníos ag triall oraibhse fágaim thíos é fén dtalamh agus abraim leis fanúint sa bhaile in Lúcián. Other examples could also be cited. Some of these usages can be explained by PUL’s view in Notes on Irish Words and Usages that abartha was more emphatic than ráite. A historical 2nd person singular is used by Peadar Ua Laoghaire in the phrase cad ‘deirir?

Simple past tense

	affirmative form			negative form
I	duart audio	duərt		ní duart audio	nʹi: duərt
you s.	dúraís	duə’ri:sʹ		ní dúraís	nʹi: duə’ri:sʹ
he	duairt sé	duərʹtʹ sʹe:		ní duairt sé	nʹi: duərʹtʹ sʹe:
we	dúramair	duərəmirʹ		ní dúramair	nʹi: duərəmirʹ
you pl.	dúrabhair	duəru:rʹ		ní dúrabhair	nʹi: duəru:rʹ
they	dúradar	duərədər		ní dúradar	nʹi: duərədər
one	dúradh	duərəg		ní dúradh	nʹi: duərəg

Note: historically this verb was aduart. I’m following Donncha Ó Cróinín in indicating /uə/ throughout the past tense here, although I use the spellings above, as the diphthong may be clearer in the monosyllabic forms. Note níor habradh in Séadna (meaning “it has not been asserted”, rather than merely “it has not been said”).

Future tense

	affirmative form			negative form
I	déarfad, déarfaidh mé audio	dʹiarhəd, dʹiarhi mʹe:		ní déarfad, ní déarfaidh mé audio	nʹi: dʹiarhəd, nʹi: dʹiarhi mʹe:
you s.	déarfair, déarfaidh tú	dʹiarhirʹ, dʹiarhi tu:		ní déarfair, ní déarfaidh tú	nʹi: dʹiarhirʹ, nʹi: dʹiarhi tu:
he	déarfaidh sé	dʹiarhi sʹe:		ní déarfaidh sé	nʹi: dʹiarhi sʹe:
we	déarfaimíd	dʹiarhimʹi:dʹ		ní déarfaimíd	nʹi: dʹiarhimʹi:dʹ
you pl.	déarfaidh sibh	dʹiarhi sʹivʹ		ní déarfaidh sibh	nʹi: dʹiarhi sʹivʹ
they	déarfaid siad	dʹiarhidʹ sʹiəd		ní déarfaid siad	nʹi: dʹiarhidʹ sʹiəd
one	déarfar	dʹiarfər		ní déarfar	nʹi: dʹiarfər

Note: the historically correct forms here are adéarfad and ní abród; the dependent form is rarely seen and was not used by Peadar Ua Laoghaire.

Conditional tense

	affirmative form			negative form
I	déarfainn audio	dʹiarhiŋʹ		ní déarfainn audio	nʹi: dʹiarhiŋʹ
you s.	déarfá	dʹiarfɑ:		ní déarfá	nʹi: dʹiarfɑ:
he	déarfadh sé	dʹiarhəx sʹe:		ní déarfadh sé	nʹi: dʹiarhəx sʹe:
we	déarfaimís	dʹiarhimʹi:sʹ		ní déarfaimís	nʹi: dʹiarhimʹi:sʹ
you pl.	déarfadh sibh	dʹiarhəx sʹivʹ		ní déarfadh sibh	nʹi: dʹiarhəx sʹivʹ
they	déarfaidís	dʹiarhidʹi:sʹ		ní déarfaidís	nʹi: dʹiarhidʹi:sʹ
one	déarfí	dʹiarfʹi:		ní déarfí	nʹi: dʹiarfʹi:

Note: the historically correct forms here are adéarfainn and ní abróinn; the dependent form is rarely seen and was not used by Peadar Ua Laoghaire.

Habitual past or imperfect tense

	affirmative form			negative form
I	deirinn audio	dʹerʹiŋʹ		ní deirinn audio	nʹi: dʹerʹiŋʹ
you s.	deirthá	dʹerʹhɑ:		ní deirthá	nʹi: dʹerʹhɑ:
he	deireadh sé	dʹerʹəx sʹe:		ní deireadh sé	nʹi: dʹerʹəx sʹe:
we	deirimís	dʹerʹimʹi:sʹ		ní deirimís	nʹi: dʹerʹimʹi:sʹ
you pl.	deireadh sibh	dʹerʹəx sʹivʹ		ní deireadh sibh	nʹi: dʹerʹəx sʹivʹ
they	deiridís	dʹerʹidʹi:sʹ		ní deiridís	nʹi: dʹerʹidʹi:sʹ
one	deirthí	dʹerʹhi:		ní deirthí	nʹi: dʹerʹhi:

Note: the historically correct forms are adeirinn and ní abrainn; the dependent form is rarely seen and was not used by Peadar Ua Laoghaire.

Imperative mood

	affirmative form			negative form
I	abraim audio	ɑbərimʹ		ná habraim audio	nɑ: hɑbərimʹ
you s.	abair	ɑbirʹ		ná habair	nɑ: hɑbirʹ
he	abradh sé	ɑbərəx sʹe:		ná habradh sé	nɑ: hɑbərəx sʹe:
we	abraimís	ɑbərimʹi:sʹ		ná habraimís	nɑ: hɑbərimʹi:sʹ
you pl.	abraidh	ɑbərigʹ		ná habraidh	nɑ: hɑbərigʹ
they	abraidís	ɑbəridʹi:sʹ		ná habraidís	nɑ: hɑbəridʹi:sʹ
one	abarthar	ɑbərhər		ná habarthar	nɑ: hɑbərhər

Present subjunctive

	affirmative form			negative form
I	go n-abrad audio	gə nɑbərəd		nár abrad audio	nɑ:r ɑbərəd
you s.	go n-abrair	gə nɑbərirʹ		nár abrair	nɑ:r ɑbərirʹ
he	go n-abraidh sé	gə nɑbəri sʹe:		nár abraidh sé	nɑ:r ɑbəri sʹe:
we	go n-abraimíd	gə nɑbərimʹi:dʹ		nár abraimíd	nɑ:r ɑbərimʹi:dʹ
you pl.	go n-abraidh sibh	gə nɑbəri sʹivʹ		nár abraidh sibh	nɑ:r ɑbəri sʹivʹ
they	go n-abraid siad	gə nɑbəridʹ sʹiəd		nár abraid siad	nɑ:r ɑbəridʹ sʹiəd
one	go n-abarthar	gə nɑbərhər		nár abarthar	nɑ:r ɑbərhər

Note: forms in deir- have been adopted in the official Standardized Irish. Occasional subjunctive forms like nú go n-abraidh sibh can be found in PUL’s works. The negative forms are not attested in PUL’s works.

Imperfect subjunctive

	affirmative form			negative form
I	dá n-abrainn audio	dɑ: nɑbəriŋʹ		mara n-abrainn audio	mɑrə nɑbəriŋʹ
you s.	dá n-abarthá	dɑ: nɑbərhɑ:		mara n-abarthá	mɑrə nɑbərhɑ:
he	dá n-abradh sé	dɑ: nɑbərəx sʹe:		mara n-abradh sé	mɑrə nɑbərəx sʹe:
we	dá n-abraimís	dɑ: nɑbərimʹi:sʹ		mara n-abraimís	mɑrə nɑbərimʹi:sʹ
you pl.	dá n-abradh sibh	dɑ: nɑbərəx sʹivʹ		mara n-abradh sibh	mɑrə nɑbərəx sʹivʹ
they	dá n-abraidís	dɑ: nɑbəridʹi:sʹ		mara n-abraidís	mɑrə nɑbəridʹi:sʹ
one	dá n-abarthí	dɑ: nɑbərhi:		mara n-abarthí	mɑrə nɑbərhi:

Note: the historically correct forms are shown, as they are attested in Peadar Ua Laoghaire, but dá n-abrainn is probably rivalled by dá ndeirinn.